Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Vaccine-Induced Adverse Effects in Cultured Neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) Cells Duplicate Toxicity of Serum from Patients with Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Are Prevented in the Presence of Specific Anti-Vaccine Antibodies

doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020232

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of influenza vaccine, and influenza vaccine incubated with antibodies to influenza vaccine components, H1N1, H3N2, and B strains or without the influenza vaccines on N2A cell spreading. *** p < 0.0001 (compared to medium).

Article Snippet: For this assay, the following antibodies were each incubated with GWI serum: anti-hemagglutinin (HA)–H1N1 (Cat. No. 11055-RP01), anti-HA–H3N2 (Cat. No. 11715-RP01), anti-HA–B (Cat. No.11053-RP01), strains of influenza (polyclonal, Sino Biological, Wayne, PA, USA); anti- Salmonella (Cat. No. PA1-20811, polyclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-Japanese encephalitis virus (Cat. No. PA5-32237, polyclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti- Yersinia pestis (Cat. No. MA1-23074, monoclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-hepatitis virus B (Cat. No. ab9193, polyclonal, Abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-cholera toxin (monoclonal, Cat. No. LS-C142039, LS Bio, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-Yellow fever (Cat. No.3576, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-varicella zoster (Cat. No.LS-132860/58089, LS Bio, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-anthrax protective antigen (Cat. No. CPBT-66806RA, polyclonal, Creative Diagnostics, Shirley, NJ, USA); anti-mumps virus (Cat. No. MBS320375, monoclonal, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA); anti-adenovirus (Cat. No. LS-C63691/120157, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-polio virus (Cat. No. ab22450, monoclonal, abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-clostridium botulinum B toxoid activity (polyclonal, Cat. No. ab83064, abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-measles (monoclonal, Cat. No. DMABT-H21849 Creative Diagnosticss, Shirley, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Vaccine-Induced Adverse Effects in Cultured Neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) Cells Duplicate Toxicity of Serum from Patients with Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Are Prevented in the Presence of Specific Anti-Vaccine Antibodies

doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020232

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ν2A cell apoptosis of cells in medium ( A ), exposed to the influenza vaccine ( B ) and ( C ) in the simultaneous presence of influenza vaccine and antibodies against H1N1. Similar effects were observed when antibodies to H3N2, and S . Typhi were used. The antibodies were added to the culture medium simultaneously with the corresponding vaccine for two days. In the presence of the influenza vaccine, most nuclei were stained red with TUNEL indicating apoptosis (B), whereas, in the combined presence of the influenza vaccine and anti-H1N1 antibodies (C), most nuclei appeared healthy and stained with DAPI, similar to control cells cultured in medium (A).

Article Snippet: For this assay, the following antibodies were each incubated with GWI serum: anti-hemagglutinin (HA)–H1N1 (Cat. No. 11055-RP01), anti-HA–H3N2 (Cat. No. 11715-RP01), anti-HA–B (Cat. No.11053-RP01), strains of influenza (polyclonal, Sino Biological, Wayne, PA, USA); anti- Salmonella (Cat. No. PA1-20811, polyclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-Japanese encephalitis virus (Cat. No. PA5-32237, polyclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti- Yersinia pestis (Cat. No. MA1-23074, monoclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-hepatitis virus B (Cat. No. ab9193, polyclonal, Abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-cholera toxin (monoclonal, Cat. No. LS-C142039, LS Bio, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-Yellow fever (Cat. No.3576, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-varicella zoster (Cat. No.LS-132860/58089, LS Bio, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-anthrax protective antigen (Cat. No. CPBT-66806RA, polyclonal, Creative Diagnostics, Shirley, NJ, USA); anti-mumps virus (Cat. No. MBS320375, monoclonal, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA); anti-adenovirus (Cat. No. LS-C63691/120157, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-polio virus (Cat. No. ab22450, monoclonal, abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-clostridium botulinum B toxoid activity (polyclonal, Cat. No. ab83064, abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-measles (monoclonal, Cat. No. DMABT-H21849 Creative Diagnosticss, Shirley, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Staining, TUNEL Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Vaccine-Induced Adverse Effects in Cultured Neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) Cells Duplicate Toxicity of Serum from Patients with Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Are Prevented in the Presence of Specific Anti-Vaccine Antibodies

doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020232

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ν2A cell apoptosis of cells in the presence of Gulf War illness (GWI) plus antibodies to cholera ( A ), influenza A/H1N1 ( B ), influenza A/H3N2 ( C ) influenza B ( D ), hepatitis B ( E ), measles ( F ), S . Typhi ( G ), rabies ( H ), and mumps ( I ). The antibodies were added in the culture medium simultaneously with GWI serum for two days. Most nuclei appeared healthy and stained with DAPI (blue); few nuclei were stained with TUNEL in A–G (red). In H,I, antibodies against rabies and mumps are shown to have no effect, as most nuclei appear stained red with TUNEL.

Article Snippet: For this assay, the following antibodies were each incubated with GWI serum: anti-hemagglutinin (HA)–H1N1 (Cat. No. 11055-RP01), anti-HA–H3N2 (Cat. No. 11715-RP01), anti-HA–B (Cat. No.11053-RP01), strains of influenza (polyclonal, Sino Biological, Wayne, PA, USA); anti- Salmonella (Cat. No. PA1-20811, polyclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-Japanese encephalitis virus (Cat. No. PA5-32237, polyclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti- Yersinia pestis (Cat. No. MA1-23074, monoclonal, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-hepatitis virus B (Cat. No. ab9193, polyclonal, Abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-cholera toxin (monoclonal, Cat. No. LS-C142039, LS Bio, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-Yellow fever (Cat. No.3576, ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA); anti-varicella zoster (Cat. No.LS-132860/58089, LS Bio, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-anthrax protective antigen (Cat. No. CPBT-66806RA, polyclonal, Creative Diagnostics, Shirley, NJ, USA); anti-mumps virus (Cat. No. MBS320375, monoclonal, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA); anti-adenovirus (Cat. No. LS-C63691/120157, Seattle, WA, USA); anti-polio virus (Cat. No. ab22450, monoclonal, abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-clostridium botulinum B toxoid activity (polyclonal, Cat. No. ab83064, abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-measles (monoclonal, Cat. No. DMABT-H21849 Creative Diagnosticss, Shirley, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Staining, TUNEL Assay